Dictionary – BIMBIBLE

A

Access ControlRules and permissions that determine who can view, edit, approve, or share information. Access Control protects sensitive information and supports controlled collaboration in a Common Data Environment.
Accessibility ReviewA review of spatial layouts and clearances against accessibility requirements for users and maintainers.
Adaptive ComponentA flexible component whose geometry can respond to placement points, host conditions, or changing design context. Adaptive Component workflows are useful for complex façades, panels, and repeatable irregular…
API Connector APIA software connector that uses an application programming interface to move information between applications.
Application Programming Interface APIA defined way for software systems to request, send, or manipulate data and functions. Application Programming Interface connections can automate Data Exchange, dashboards, and Digital Twin integrations.
Appointed PartyA party appointed to provide information, services, or works on a project. Appointed Party responsibilities are usually defined through the contract, Information Protocol, and delivery plans.
Appointing PartyThe organization or person who requires information and appoints others to deliver it. The Appointing Party defines needs such as Exchange Information Requirements and acceptance criteria.
Appointment DocumentA formal agreement or package that sets the scope, duties, information requirements, and deliverables for an appointed party.
Approval Status CodeA code that records the review or authorization state of information, such as whether it is draft, accepted, or rejected.
Approval WorkflowA defined sequence for reviewing, accepting, rejecting, or returning information. Approval Workflow steps help manage Status Code changes and control what information can be relied upon.
Architectural ModelA discipline model representing architectural spaces, walls, doors, windows, finishes, and design intent. Architectural Model content coordinates with Structural Model and MEP Model information.
Area MeasurementThe calculation or verification of areas for rooms, zones, floors, assets, or planning boundaries.
As-Built ModelA model updated to reflect what was actually constructed, installed, or verified on site. An As-Built Model can support handover, Record Model creation, and Asset Information Model development.
Asset Data CollectionThe process of gathering maintainable asset data from models, suppliers, commissioning teams, or site records.
Asset Data ManagerA role responsible for defining, collecting, validating, and handing over structured asset data.
Asset Data SetA structured package of asset information prepared for handover, operation, maintenance, or integration with FM systems.
Asset Information Model AIMThe maintained information model used to support operation, maintenance, and asset decisions after handover. An Asset Information Model may include geometry, asset records, documents, and performance data.
Asset Information Requirements AIRInformation requirements describing the asset data an organization needs for operation, maintenance, and long-term decisions. Asset Information Requirements guide the content of an Asset Information Model.
Asset Information StrategyAn owner-side plan that explains what asset information is valuable, why it is needed, and how it will support operation after handover.
Asset RegisterA structured list of assets with identifiers, attributes, locations, ownership, and maintenance information. An Asset Register can be populated from COBie, Asset Information Model, or field data.
Asset TaggingThe assignment of unique identifiers or physical tags to assets so they can be found, tracked, and maintained. Asset Tagging may use QR Code, Barcode, or asset management…
Audit TrailA record of who changed, approved, shared, or accessed information and when. Audit Trail data supports accountability, dispute resolution, and information governance.

B

BarcodeA machine-readable visual code used to identify assets, products, or records. Barcode systems can support Asset Tagging, inventory control, and facilities management workflows.
Baseline ComparisonThe comparison of current model, schedule, or cost information against an approved baseline.
BCF SnapshotAn image associated with a BCF issue that helps users understand the problem without opening the full model context first.
BCF Topic BCFA structured issue item in a BIM Collaboration Format exchange, usually containing a title, status, viewpoint, and discussion history.
BCF ViewpointA saved camera position and object context used to show exactly where a coordination issue occurs.
Bill of Quantities BOQA structured list of measured work items and quantities used for pricing, tendering, and cost control. A Bill of Quantities may be informed by Quantity Takeoff but still…
BIM Collaboration Format BCFAn open format for exchanging model-based issues, viewpoints, comments, and references without sending the full model. BIM Collaboration Format is useful for Issue Management and Model Coordination.
BIM Content LibraryA managed collection of reusable model objects, families, assemblies, templates, or data-rich components.
BIM CoordinatorA role responsible for coordinating models, resolving issues, checking deliverables, and supporting discipline teams. BIM Coordinator work often includes Clash Detection and Model Coordination.
BIM Execution Plan BEPA practical plan explaining how a team will meet BIM and information management requirements. A BIM Execution Plan covers responsibilities, standards, software-neutral workflows, delivery milestones, and coordination methods.
BIM LeadA senior project or organizational role that guides BIM standards, model strategy, coordination expectations, and team capability.
BIM ManagerA role responsible for BIM strategy, standards, model workflows, coordination processes, and team support. The BIM Manager often works closely with the Information Manager and BIM Coordinator.
BIM Maturity LevelA way of describing how advanced an organization or project is in its digital processes, collaboration, and information management.
BIM ModelerA practitioner who creates and edits model geometry and data according to project standards. A BIM Modeler typically works under discipline leads and follows the BIM Execution Plan.
BIM ProtocolA contractual or procedural document that states how model use, information exchange, responsibilities, and reliance are handled on a project.
BIM TechnicianA production role that creates, edits, and maintains model content, drawings, schedules, and data outputs.
Building ElementA discrete physical part of a built asset, such as a wall, slab, door, pipe, beam, or item of equipment.
Building Information Management BIMThe management discipline that governs how project and asset information is planned, produced, checked, exchanged, and maintained. It focuses on reliable information workflows rather than only model authoring.
Building Information Modeling BIMA collaborative method for creating and using coordinated digital information about a built asset. Building Information Modeling supports design, construction, and operation through a 3D Model and structured…
Building SystemA group of related elements that perform a function, such as structure, ventilation, power distribution, or fire protection.
BuildingSMART Data Dictionary bSDDAn online data dictionary concept for standardizing terms, classifications, properties, and relationships used in open digital construction workflows. It can help align Semantic Data across markets and software…

C

Cable TrayA containment system used to support and route electrical or communication cables. Cable Tray modeling supports Electrical Model coordination, clearance checks, and installation planning.
Capability AssessmentA review of whether a team has the skills, tools, experience, and methods needed to meet digital delivery requirements.
Capacity AssessmentA review of whether a team has enough available people, time, and technical resources to perform the required information tasks.
Carbon AssessmentThe evaluation of greenhouse gas impacts associated with materials, construction, operation, and sometimes end-of-life scenarios. Carbon Assessment may use Embodied Carbon and Operational Carbon data from models and…
Carbon DimensionA model-linked information layer used to assess embodied or operational carbon across design and construction decisions.
CDE Administrator CDEA role that configures access, workflows, metadata, permissions, and user support within the project information environment.
Change ManagementThe process for evaluating, approving, documenting, and implementing changes to scope, design, cost, or schedule. Change Management should be reflected in revisions, models, and information containers.
Civil ModelA model representing civil engineering information such as terrain, roads, utilities, drainage, grading, or external works. Civil Model coordination often relies on Georeferencing and Survey Control.
Clash AvoidanceA proactive coordination practice that prevents conflicts before formal clash tests are run. Clash Avoidance relies on good modeling rules, shared zones, and early Model Coordination.
Clash DetectionThe automated or semi-automated identification of conflicts between model elements. Clash Detection can find Hard Clash, Soft Clash, and Workflow Clash issues for coordination.
Clash Management ToolA tool used to group, assign, prioritize, track, and close model coordination clashes.
Clash ReportA report that lists detected clashes, their locations, responsible parties, priority, and current status.
Clash ResolutionThe process of assigning, correcting, and closing detected conflicts between model elements or disciplines.
Classification SystemAn organized coding method used to group construction objects, activities, spaces, or documents for analysis and communication.
Classification TableA specific table within a Classification System that provides codes and descriptions for one classification purpose.
Clearance AnalysisThe checking of required access, maintenance, operational, or safety space around model elements.
Client Information ManagerA client-side role that defines information needs, reviews delivery, and protects the long-term value of project data.
COBie Attribute SheetA COBie worksheet that stores additional named properties for facility, space, type, or component records.
COBie Component SheetA COBie worksheet that lists individual asset instances and links them to type, space, system, and handover information.
COBie Contact SheetA COBie worksheet that records people and organizations involved in asset information delivery.
COBie Document SheetA COBie worksheet that references documents linked to assets, systems, spaces, or types for handover use.
COBie Facility SheetA COBie worksheet that captures high-level information about the facility or asset being handed over.
COBie Floor SheetA COBie worksheet that lists floor or level information used to locate spaces and maintainable assets.
COBie Space SheetA COBie worksheet that records spaces, their identifiers, and their relationship to floors or zones.
COBie System SheetA COBie worksheet that groups components into systems such as mechanical, electrical, fire, or security systems.
COBie Type SheetA COBie worksheet that describes product types, equipment types, and their common asset data.
Commissioning RecordA deliverable that records commissioning activities, results, dates, responsible parties, and asset references.
Common Data Environment CDEA shared information environment used to collect, manage, approve, exchange, and archive project information. A Common Data Environment supports controlled workflows for Information Container, Status Code, and Revision…
Compliance CheckingThe review of model information against codes, client rules, accessibility requirements, or project standards.
ComponentA model object placed within a project, often representing a physical product, assembly, fixture, or equipment item. Component behavior is usually controlled by its Family and parameters.
Computational Design SpecialistA specialist who uses scripts, algorithms, and data-driven methods to generate or analyze design information.
Computer-Aided Facility Management CAFMSoftware-supported management of facility spaces, assets, maintenance, moves, and operations. Computer-Aided Facility Management systems often consume data from Asset Register and Asset Information Model sources.
Computerized Maintenance Management System CMMSA system used to manage maintenance work orders, schedules, assets, and service history. Computerized Maintenance Management System data may be linked with Asset Register and Preventive Maintenance planning.
Condition AssessmentThe evaluation of an asset's physical or operational condition to support repair, replacement, or maintenance decisions. Condition Assessment can use inspections, Sensor Data, and maintenance history.
ConstraintA rule that controls geometry, alignment, dimensions, or relationships between model elements. Constraint logic is central to Parametric Modeling but must be used carefully to avoid fragile models.
Constructability ReviewA review focused on whether the design can be built safely, efficiently, and in the intended sequence. Constructability Review often uses 4D BIM, Clash Detection, and construction knowledge.
Constructability WalkthroughA model-based review that follows the intended construction sequence to reveal access, sequence, safety, or buildability concerns.
Construction Operations Building Information Exchange COBieA structured information exchange focused on asset data needed for operation and maintenance. Construction Operations Building Information Exchange is commonly delivered as tables and can support Asset Register…
Construction SequencingThe planning of the order in which work activities, zones, systems, or assemblies are built. Construction Sequencing can be tested and communicated through 4D BIM.
Container Naming ConventionA structured naming rule for information containers that helps teams identify originator, volume, level, type, role, and sequence consistently.
Coordinate SystemA defined framework for locating points in space using axes, origin, units, and orientation. Coordinate System consistency is essential for Model Federation and Georeferencing.
Coordination ReportA report summarizing coordination status, open issues, resolved items, responsibilities, and upcoming actions.
Coordination WorkshopA working session where teams review model issues, agree decisions, and confirm responsibilities for follow-up actions.
Cost DatabaseA structured source of rates, assemblies, resources, or cost codes used for estimating and cost control.
Cost EstimationThe process of predicting project costs from quantities, rates, assumptions, and scope information. In 5D BIM, Cost Estimation can draw on Quantity Takeoff from model elements.
Cost LoadingThe assignment of cost values to activities, model objects, or work packages for 5D analysis and reporting.
Cost PlanA structured estimate and control baseline for project costs across stages. A Cost Plan can draw on Uniformat, Quantity Takeoff, and cost assumptions.
Cost ReportA deliverable that summarizes estimated or controlled costs, often linked to quantities, work packages, or schedule status.
Crane SimulationA simulation that checks crane reach, lifting zones, movement paths, and construction sequence constraints.
Curtain WallA non-load-bearing exterior wall system typically made of frames, panels, glazing, and anchors. Curtain Wall information is commonly represented in Architectural Model and Façade Model workflows.

D

Data DictionaryA controlled reference for terms, properties, units, and meanings used across information exchanges. A Data Dictionary improves consistency between Information Requirements and delivered data.
Data ExchangeThe transfer of model, document, schedule, cost, or asset information between parties or systems. Good Data Exchange depends on clear requirements, formats, validation, and responsibilities.
Data Extraction ToolA tool that pulls structured information from models or documents for schedules, reports, audits, or downstream systems.
Data Integration MiddlewareA software layer that transforms, routes, and synchronizes data between project or asset systems.
Data OwnershipThe assignment of responsibility for creating, approving, maintaining, and correcting a defined set of data.
Data StewardshipThe ongoing care of data quality, meaning, accessibility, and governance across systems and project stages.
Data TemplateA reusable set of fields, units, and rules that describes what information should be collected for a class of objects.
Data ValidationThe checking of model or asset data for completeness, format, values, units, and compliance with requirements. Data Validation supports Information Delivery Specification and Asset Information Model quality.
Data Validation ReportA report showing whether submitted data passed completeness, format, naming, classification, or rule checks.
Delivery TeamThe group of organizations and people responsible for producing project information and physical works for an appointment.
Design AuthorThe person or organization responsible for the technical design intent represented by information deliverables. Design Author responsibility is distinct from simply producing or coordinating a model.
Design Option AnalysisThe comparison of alternative design solutions using model-based data such as cost, space, energy, or constructability impacts.
Design ReviewA review of design intent, coordination, compliance, and performance using drawings, models, reports, or meetings. Design Review can use Federated Model navigation and issue tracking.
Deviation AnalysisThe comparison of captured reality data with intended design or tolerance limits to identify differences.
Digital Construction ManagerA role responsible for applying digital methods to construction planning, coordination, site execution, and reporting.
Digital Delivery Plan DDPA plan that turns digital strategy into practical actions, deliverables, tools, responsibilities, and review points.
Digital Delivery StrategyA high-level plan for how digital methods, models, data, and collaboration platforms will support project delivery.
Digital Handover LeadA role that coordinates handover requirements, asset data, model deliverables, and final acceptance activities.
Digital SignatureA cryptographic or controlled electronic signature used to show approval, authorship, or integrity of a digital record. Digital Signature use can support governance in Approval Workflow and Information…
Digital SnaggingThe capture, assignment, and tracking of defects or incomplete work through a digital field process.
Digital ThreadThe connected flow of information across design, construction, handover, and operations so decisions remain traceable.
Digital TwinA digital representation of a physical asset that is kept useful through data connections, updates, and operational context. Digital Twin use may combine Asset Information Model, Sensor Data,…
Digital Twin ManagerA role that manages the operational digital representation of assets, data connections, performance information, and governance.
Digital Twin PlatformA platform that connects asset models with operational data, analytics, visualization, and lifecycle workflows.
Discipline BIM LeadA discipline-specific lead who manages BIM delivery quality, model structure, and data requirements for one technical discipline.
Discipline ModelA model produced by a specific discipline such as architecture, structure, mechanical, electrical, or civil design.
Document Control PlatformA platform for registering, reviewing, issuing, revising, and archiving controlled project information.
Document ControllerA role focused on registering, issuing, tracking, and archiving documents and controlled records.
Document Management System DMSA system for storing, organizing, searching, and controlling documents. In BIM projects, a Document Management System may be part of or connected to the Common Data Environment.
Door ScheduleA structured list of doors and their attributes such as type, size, fire rating, hardware, location, and finish. Door Schedule data is usually driven by Architectural Model parameters.
Drone Survey UASThe capture of site imagery or mapping data using unmanned aircraft for monitoring, survey, or progress records.
DuctworkA network of ducts and fittings used to distribute or extract air in a building. Ductwork geometry is important for MEP Model coordination and Clash Detection.
Duplicate Element CheckA review that finds overlapping or repeated objects that may distort quantities, coordination, or analysis.

E

Earned Value Management EVMA project control method that compares planned value, earned value, and actual cost. Earned Value Management can be strengthened by consistent cost, schedule, and model-based progress data.
Electrical ModelA discipline model representing electrical systems such as lighting, power, containment, devices, panels, and cable routes. Electrical Model coordination commonly involves Cable Tray and Lighting Fixture information.
Electronic Document Management System EDMSA digital platform for controlled document storage, workflows, metadata, revisions, and permissions. Electronic Document Management System functions often support project records and auditability.
Element TypeA reusable definition that stores common settings for multiple similar model elements.
Embodied CarbonGreenhouse gas emissions associated with materials, manufacturing, transport, construction, maintenance, and end-of-life activities. Embodied Carbon is often assessed using model quantities and material assumptions.
EN 17412-1A European standard that explains how to define information need in a practical and measurable way for project exchanges.
Energy ModelA digital analytical model used to estimate energy demand, loads, or performance. An Energy Model can support 6D BIM, Operational Carbon studies, and design option comparisons.
Exchange Information Requirements EIRDetailed requirements for information to be exchanged between parties at defined milestones. Exchange Information Requirements normally influence the BIM Execution Plan, Level of Information Need, and delivery schedule.
Exchange PackageA bundled set of models, drawings, data, and supporting documents issued for a defined purpose or milestone.

F

Façade ModelA model representing the building envelope, cladding, glazing, supports, interfaces, and performance-related façade information. Façade Model coordination is important for Curtain Wall, Structural Model, and MEP penetrations.
Facilities Management FMThe coordinated management of buildings, spaces, systems, services, and assets during operation. Facilities Management can use Asset Information Model data created during design and construction.
Facilities Management Data Lead FMA role that aligns project asset data with the information needs of operations and maintenance teams.
Facilities Management Software FMSoftware used by operations teams to manage assets, work orders, spaces, maintenance, and service records.
FamilyA reusable BIM object definition that controls geometry, parameters, appearance, and behavior for a class of elements. Family content may include Type Parameter, Instance Parameter, and nested components.
Family TemplateA starter file used to create a reusable parametric object with a defined category, references, and behavior.
Federated ModelA combined view of multiple discipline models brought together for review, coordination, or analysis. A Federated Model usually references separate source models rather than replacing them.
Federated Model ViewerA tool used to open and review multiple referenced discipline models together without necessarily authoring new design content.
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Field Management PlatformA platform used to manage site observations, inspections, forms, defects, photos, and field workflows.
Fire Protection ModelA model representing fire safety systems such as sprinklers, standpipes, alarms, fire stopping, and related equipment. Fire Protection Model coordination is often required with MEP Model and Architectural…
Fire Stopping CoordinationThe coordination of penetrations, fire-rated assemblies, and closure details where services pass through rated elements.
FormulaA rule or calculation that controls parameter values based on other values or conditions. Formula logic supports Parametric Modeling and predictable family behavior.
Foundation ModelA model representing footings, piles, rafts, slabs, retaining elements, and other foundation components. Foundation Model information supports structural coordination, quantities, and construction planning.

G

Geographic Information System GISA system for storing, analyzing, and visualizing information tied to geography and location. Geographic Information System data can be connected to BIM through GIS Integration.
GeoJSONA lightweight geospatial data format commonly used to exchange points, lines, polygons, and associated attributes.
Geometry ValidationThe checking of model geometry for accuracy, completeness, placement, tolerance, and coordination suitability. Geometry Validation is different from Data Validation because it focuses on spatial content.
GeoreferencingThe process of locating digital information in a real-world coordinate reference. Georeferencing is important for GIS Integration, infrastructure models, surveys, and site coordination.
GIS ConnectorA software connector that transfers or synchronizes spatial information between BIM and geospatial environments.
GIS IntegrationThe connection of BIM or asset data with geographic information systems and location-based datasets. GIS Integration supports infrastructure planning, Digital Twin context, and asset mapping.
Global Unique Identifier GUIDA unique identifier assigned to an object, record, or information item so it can be tracked across systems and exchanges. Global Unique Identifier stability is important for Model…
GridA reference system of lines or axes used to locate structural and architectural elements. Grid coordination helps align Structural Column, Structural Framing, and layout information.

H

Handover ChecklistA checklist that confirms required models, documents, data sets, certificates, and records are complete before handover.
Hard ClashA physical overlap between two or more model elements that cannot occupy the same space. Hard Clash examples include a duct passing through a beam or a pipe…
Headroom CheckA focused clearance analysis that verifies vertical space along circulation, plant access, stairs, or occupied areas.
Host ModelThe main model into which other referenced models, objects, or systems are linked for coordination or documentation.
HVAC System HVACA building system for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. HVAC System design is represented through Mechanical Model content such as Ductwork, equipment, controls, and performance data.

I

IFC AlignmentAn IFC representation for linear infrastructure geometry such as road, rail, or utility alignments.
IFC ClassA named object category in an IFC-based data model, used to describe what kind of building or infrastructure object is being exchanged.
IFC Element QuantityA structured quantity record in IFC that stores measured values such as length, area, volume, or count for an element.
IFC Export MappingThe configuration that controls how authoring-tool categories, properties, and objects are translated into IFC data.
IFC Global IdA persistent identifier stored on IFC objects so the same exchanged object can be tracked across models and systems.
IFC Import MappingThe configuration that controls how IFC objects and properties are interpreted when brought into another software environment.
IFC Property TemplateA reusable definition of expected property names, data types, and meaning for IFC-based information exchange.
IFC RelationshipA data connection that describes how IFC objects are associated, contained, assigned, grouped, or related to other objects.
IFC SchemaThe formal structure that defines IFC entities, relationships, property definitions, and data organization. IFC Schema knowledge helps teams understand what information can be exchanged through Industry Foundation Classes.
IFC Spatial StructureThe hierarchy used in an IFC file to organize site, building, storey, space, and other spatial containers.
IFC TypeA reusable IFC definition that groups common properties for similar occurrences, such as repeated doors, equipment, or fixtures.
Industry Foundation Classes IFCAn open data schema for exchanging building and infrastructure information between different software tools. Industry Foundation Classes supports Open BIM by describing objects, properties, relationships, and geometry.
Information AcceptanceThe act of confirming that a submitted information package meets agreed requirements and can be used for its intended purpose.
Information Acceptance CriteriaThe measurable conditions used to decide whether an information exchange is complete, usable, and suitable for its purpose.
Information ArchiveA preserved collection of project or asset information kept for reference, legal, operational, or historical use. Information Archive quality depends on clear metadata, revisions, and access rules.
Information ContainerA named unit of information such as a model file, drawing, schedule, report, or dataset. Information Container management supports controlled exchange in a Common Data Environment.
Information Container Breakdown Structure ICBSA planned breakdown of files, models, sheets, and data containers so responsibility and exchange boundaries are clear.
Information ControllerA role that manages controlled information processes such as naming, revision status, transmittals, and access.
Information CoordinatorA role that supports the flow, checking, status, and exchange of information between teams.
Information Delivery Plan IDPA plan that sets out what information will be produced, by whom, and when. It may be developed at project, team, or task level and is closely linked…
Information Delivery Specification IDSA machine-readable way to state information requirements for model objects, properties, and classifications. Information Delivery Specification can support automated checking of IFC deliverables.
Information Exchange CycleThe repeated sequence of preparing, checking, submitting, reviewing, and accepting information at agreed project points.
Information GranularityThe level of detail in data fields, classification, relationships, and attributes required for a purpose.
Information ManagementThe organized control of information so the right people receive the right content at the right time. In BIM projects, Information Management connects requirements, delivery planning, approval, and…
Information ManagerA role focused on managing information processes, standards, workflows, and compliance across a project or asset portfolio. The Information Manager may support the Common Data Environment and delivery…
Information Production MethodAn agreed method for creating, checking, approving, and sharing information. It turns the Information Standard into repeatable project workflows.
Information ProtocolA contractual or procedural document that sets obligations for producing, using, and relying on project information. It clarifies roles, permitted uses, and information management responsibilities.
Information RequirementsA clear statement of what information is needed, why it is needed, when it is required, and in what form it should be delivered. It is the basis…
Information Requirements RegisterA structured record of information needs, sources, owners, due dates, and acceptance rules across a project or asset program.
Information Review GateA formal checkpoint where models, documents, or data are assessed before moving to the next delivery stage.
Information StandardA set of agreed rules for how information is structured, named, classified, checked, and exchanged. It helps multiple teams produce consistent information across the project.
Installation VerificationThe confirmation that installed work matches the required location, specification, model intent, or commissioning need.
Instance ParameterA parameter whose value can vary for each placed instance of an element. Instance Parameter values are useful for location, mark, asset, and installation-specific information.
Interior ModelA model representing interior layouts, finishes, fixtures, furniture, and room-specific design information. Interior Model content may support Room Data Sheet and Space Management workflows.
Internet of Things IoTA network of connected devices that collect, transmit, or act on data. In buildings, Internet of Things devices can provide Sensor Data for Smart Building and Digital Twin…
InteroperabilityThe ability of people, processes, and software systems to exchange and use information reliably. Interoperability is a core reason for using Open BIM standards and consistent data structures.
ISO 12006-2An international framework for classifying construction information so that systems such as Classification System and Classification Table can be organized consistently.
ISO 16739The international standard that formalizes the Industry Foundation Classes data model for open exchange of building and infrastructure information.
ISO 19650An international series of standards for managing information over the life cycle of built assets using BIM. It provides a structured language for roles, requirements, delivery planning, and…
ISO 19650 SeriesA family of international standards that organizes how project and asset information is planned, produced, exchanged, and managed across the built asset life cycle.
ISO 29481A standard series focused on describing information exchange processes and responsibilities for BIM-enabled delivery.
Issue ManagementThe process of recording, assigning, tracking, and closing problems or decisions discovered during design and construction. Issue Management may use BIM Collaboration Format, Clash Report, and viewpoints.
Issue RegisterA controlled list of project issues, decisions, owners, due dates, and closure status.
Issue TrackingThe structured monitoring of issues from creation through assignment, response, and closure. Issue Tracking provides transparency for Design Review and Model Coordination.
Issue TriageThe sorting of model or site issues by urgency, owner, discipline, impact, and next action.

J

JSON Schema JSONA machine-readable schema used to define expected fields, data types, and constraints for JSON-based information exchange.

L

Landscape ModelA model representing external spaces, planting, hardscape, terrain, furniture, and landscape systems. Landscape Model information can coordinate with Civil Model and Architectural Model content.
Laser ScanningA reality capture method that measures dense spatial points using laser-based instruments. Laser Scanning produces Point Cloud data for existing conditions, verification, and As-Built Model workflows.
Lead Appointed PartyThe appointed party responsible for coordinating information delivery across one or more task teams. It often leads the BIM Execution Plan and consolidates the Master Information Delivery Plan.
LevelA horizontal reference plane or building storey used to organize model elements vertically. Level information supports views, schedules, coordination, and Location Breakdown Structure.
Level of Development LODA framework used to describe how developed or reliable model elements are at a given stage. Level of Development is often used with Model Progression Specification and coordination…
Level of Information Need LOINA way to define the required amount and quality of geometry, information, and documentation for a specific purpose. Level of Information Need helps avoid both under-delivery and unnecessary…
Life Cycle Assessment LCAA method for assessing environmental impacts across a product or asset life cycle. In AEC, Life Cycle Assessment can use model quantities and material data to compare design…
Lifecycle DimensionA way of organizing model information around the full asset life cycle from planning through operation and renewal.
Lighting FixtureA modeled element representing a luminaire or lighting device, often with type, location, electrical, and performance data. Lighting Fixture information supports Electrical Model coordination and schedules.
Linked DataA data approach that connects information resources through identifiers and explicit relationships. Linked Data can connect BIM, GIS Integration, asset records, and external datasets.
Linked ModelA separate model file referenced into another model so multiple teams can work independently while coordinating together.
Loadable FamilyA reusable family definition created or edited separately and loaded into a project. Loadable Family content is common for doors, windows, fixtures, equipment, and custom components.
Location Breakdown Structure LBSA hierarchical breakdown of a project by physical locations such as building, zone, level, area, or room. Location Breakdown Structure supports planning, quantities, logistics, and progress tracking.
Logistics ModelingThe modeling of site access, storage, traffic, cranes, hoists, and temporary arrangements to support construction planning.

M

Maintenance StrategyThe planned approach for maintaining assets, systems, and spaces to meet performance, safety, and cost objectives. Maintenance Strategy may include Preventive Maintenance and Condition Assessment.
Master Information Delivery Plan MIDPA consolidated schedule of information deliverables for the project. The Master Information Delivery Plan brings together Task Information Delivery Plan inputs into a coordinated project-level view.
MasterFormatA classification structure commonly used to organize construction work results and specification sections. MasterFormat can be linked to cost, procurement, and project documentation workflows.
Material Takeoff MTOThe extraction of material quantities from drawings, models, or data for procurement, estimating, or planning.
Mechanical ModelA discipline model representing mechanical systems such as heating, cooling, ventilation, plant, and equipment. Mechanical Model information often includes HVAC System, Ductwork, and performance data.
MEP Model MEPA discipline model representing mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems. MEP Model coordination is a major source of Clash Detection and installation planning.
MetadataDescriptive information about a file, model element, asset, or dataset. Metadata can include author, status, revision, classification, location, and approval details.
Method Statement SimulationA visual or model-based simulation of how a construction method will be executed step by step.
Model Audit ReportA report documenting checks performed on a model, including naming, data completeness, coordinates, warnings, and standards compliance.
Model CheckingThe process of evaluating a model against requirements, rules, or expected information quality. Model Checking can include geometry, data, classification, and deliverable compliance tests.
Model Comparison ToolA tool that identifies differences between two model versions, such as changed objects, properties, quantities, or geometry.
Model ConditioningThe preparation of a model for a downstream use by cleaning, simplifying, classifying, or enriching its data.
Model CoordinationThe process of aligning discipline models, resolving conflicts, and improving design integration. Model Coordination uses Federated Model reviews, Issue Management, and Clash Detection.
Model ElementAn individual object or item represented in a model, such as a wall, beam, pipe, space, or equipment item. Model Element reliability depends on correct geometry, parameters, classification,…
Model EnrichmentThe addition of useful properties, classifications, quantities, or relationships to make a model more valuable for a specific use.
Model FederationThe process of combining separate models into a coordinated environment for review and checking. Model Federation supports Clash Detection, design coordination, and project communication.
Model GranularityThe degree to which model content is broken down into separate objects, systems, assemblies, or data records.
Model LinkingThe process of referencing one model into another while keeping each source model separately managed.
Model MaturityThe progression of model content from early intent to coordinated, verified, and handover-ready information.
Model OriginThe reference origin point used by a model file to define its internal coordinate basis.
Model Progression Specification MPSA project document that defines how model content develops across stages or milestones. It can connect Level of Development, responsibilities, and deliverable expectations.
Model Publishing ToolA tool that prepares, packages, converts, or uploads model information for controlled sharing and review.
Model ReliabilityThe confidence that model geometry and data are accurate enough for a stated use at a stated time.
Model ReviewerA role that checks model content against project requirements, discipline expectations, and intended downstream uses.
Model SimplificationThe reduction of unnecessary geometry or detail so a model performs better for coordination, analysis, or exchange.
Model SplittingThe division of a large model into manageable files, zones, packages, or discipline segments.
Model Status ReviewA review that checks whether a model is suitable for its stated purpose, exchange status, and next project decision.
Model ValidationThe confirmation that a model meets defined technical, information, and delivery requirements. Model Validation can include Geometry Validation, Data Validation, and coordination checks.
Model VersioningThe controlled tracking of model changes across revisions, issues, and deliverables. Model Versioning helps teams compare updates and understand which information is current.
Model View Definition MVDA defined subset or exchange view of a larger schema for a specific workflow or purpose. A Model View Definition helps make IFC exchanges more predictable and testable.

N

Naming AuditA check that files, views, sheets, elements, or data fields follow the required naming convention.
Naming ConventionAn agreed rule for naming models, drawings, documents, and data files consistently. A good Naming Convention makes information easier to search, sort, control, and audit.
National BIM MandateA government or public-sector requirement that sets expectations for digital information delivery on applicable projects.
Native ModelA model stored in the original authoring application's own file format. Native Model files often preserve full editing behavior that may not transfer completely through a Neutral File…
nD Modeling nDThe extension of model use beyond geometry into time, cost, sustainability, operations, safety, or other information dimensions.
Nested FamilyA reusable component placed inside another component so complex assemblies can be built from smaller controlled parts.
Neutral File FormatA file format intended for exchange between different applications rather than full native editing. Neutral File Format choices can improve Interoperability but may require checking for data loss.

O

Object Classification ReviewA review that checks whether model elements are assigned to the correct classification codes or categories.
Object CountingThe counting of model elements by type, classification, space, system, or work package.
Object LibraryA repository of reusable digital objects that can be inserted into models with consistent geometry and information.
Object TypeA defined kind of building or infrastructure object with expected behavior, properties, and relationships. Object Type consistency supports classification, scheduling, and model checking.
Object-Oriented ModelingA modeling approach where building information is represented as objects with identity, properties, behavior, and relationships.
OmniclassA classification framework used to organize construction information across facilities, spaces, elements, work results, and products. Omniclass can support specification, costing, and asset data workflows.
Open BIMA collaborative approach that uses open standards and neutral information exchange to reduce dependence on a single software ecosystem. Open BIM commonly uses Industry Foundation Classes and BIM…
Operational CarbonGreenhouse gas emissions associated with building operation, especially energy use over time. Operational Carbon can be studied through an Energy Model and performance assumptions.
Organizational Information Requirements OIRHigh-level information needs that support an owner's business objectives, governance, and asset decisions. They help shape Asset Information Requirements and Project Information Requirements.

P

Package CoordinationThe coordination of design or construction information across a defined work package and its interfaces with other packages.
ParameterA named data field used to describe or control a model element, type, or project record. Parameter quality is essential for schedules, model checking, and information exchange.
Parameter AuditA check that required model parameters are present, correctly named, populated, and formatted.
Parameter ManagerA tool or function used to create, map, audit, and maintain model parameters across files or projects.
Parametric ConstraintA rule that controls geometry or relationships using dimensions, formulas, alignments, or locked references.
Parametric ModelerA model author who builds geometry and data using parameters, rules, constraints, and reusable logic.
Parametric ModelingA modeling approach where geometry and data are controlled by parameters, formulas, and constraints. Parametric Modeling makes model content adaptable, reusable, and more consistent.
PhotogrammetryA reality capture method that derives measurements and 3D information from overlapping photographs. Photogrammetry can support Point Cloud creation, site documentation, and progress monitoring.
PipeworkA network of pipes, fittings, valves, and accessories used to convey fluids or gases. Pipework appears in Plumbing Model, Fire Protection Model, and mechanical systems.
Plain Language Question PLQA simple business question used to define what information must be captured to support a decision.
Plumbing ModelA discipline model representing domestic water, sanitary, storm, drainage, gas, or related piping systems. Plumbing Model coordination often uses Pipework, slopes, clearances, and equipment locations.
Point CloudA large set of measured points representing surfaces and objects in physical space. Point Cloud data is commonly used for Scan-To-BIM, progress checks, and existing-condition documentation.
Point Cloud ViewerA tool used to navigate, measure, and compare dense scan data against models or survey references.
Post-Appointment BIM Execution PlanThe agreed BIM Execution Plan developed after appointment and aligned with the contract, team structure, and delivery schedule. It turns proposals into the working information management approach.
Pre-Appointment BIM Execution PlanA proposed BIM Execution Plan prepared before a party is formally appointed. It demonstrates capability, intended methods, and understanding of the Exchange Information Requirements.
Precast ConcreteConcrete elements manufactured away from their final installed position and then transported to site. Precast Concrete modeling can include panels, beams, connections, reinforcement, lifting points, and assembly sequencing.
Preventive MaintenanceMaintenance performed on a planned schedule to reduce failures and extend asset life. Preventive Maintenance can be managed through a Computerized Maintenance Management System using Asset Register data.
Product Data Template PDTA Data Template focused on product or manufacturer information needed for specification, procurement, or handover.
Progress TrackingThe comparison of planned progress against actual site status using model, schedule, field, or capture data.
Project Data ManagerA role responsible for data structure, data quality, reporting, and integration across project systems.
Project Information Model PIMThe information model developed during design and construction to support project delivery. The Project Information Model can be transformed or filtered into an Asset Information Model at handover.
Project Information Requirements PIRInformation requirements that support decisions and deliverables during a specific project. They translate organizational needs into project-level information outcomes.
Project Information StandardA project-specific rule set for naming, classification, model structure, data fields, and exchange behavior.
Project ParameterA parameter added to categories within a project to store information that is not necessarily built into family definitions. Project Parameter use can support schedules, filters, and project-specific…
Project TeamThe combined participants working toward the project outcomes, including client-side, design-side, construction-side, and specialist contributors.
Project TemplateA preconfigured starting file or setup containing standard views, settings, families, parameters, and documentation rules.
Property DictionaryA controlled vocabulary of property names and meanings used to reduce ambiguity in digital information exchanges.
Property Set PsetA grouped collection of properties attached to an object or object type. Property Set structures help organize IFC data, asset attributes, and information requirements.
Proprietary BIMBIM workflows based mainly on native formats, vendor-specific features, or closed data structures. Proprietary BIM may improve tool-specific productivity but can create interoperability challenges.

Q

QR Code QRA two-dimensional code that can store or link to information about an asset, space, or document. QR Code use can support Asset Tagging and field access to maintenance…
Quality Assurance QAThe planned processes that help ensure information will meet requirements before it is produced or delivered. Quality Assurance includes standards, methods, training, and review gates.
Quality Control QCThe checking of produced information against requirements, standards, and acceptance criteria. Quality Control may include Model Checking, drawing reviews, and data validation tests.
Quantity ReportA deliverable that summarizes measured quantities by element, material, classification, location, or package.
Quantity Takeoff QTOThe measurement of quantities such as lengths, areas, volumes, counts, and weights from drawings or models. Quantity Takeoff supports Cost Estimation and Bill of Quantities preparation.

R

Reality CaptureThe collection of real-world spatial information using technologies such as Laser Scanning, Photogrammetry, or mobile mapping. Reality Capture helps compare planned models with actual conditions.
Reality Capture PlatformA platform for processing, registering, viewing, and sharing capture data such as scans, photos, or drone outputs.
Reality Capture SpecialistA specialist who plans and performs capture workflows such as scanning, photogrammetry, drone mapping, and survey processing.
Rebar ModelA model representing reinforcement bars, shapes, spacing, hooks, laps, and placement within concrete elements. Rebar Model detail supports Reinforcement Detailing, quantities, and fabrication coordination.
Record ModelA final information model retained as a formal record of completed project information. A Record Model may include as-built geometry, approved data, documents, and revision history.
Reference ModelA model linked or used for context, coordination, or comparison without being the active authoring source.
Reinforcement DetailingThe production of detailed reinforcement information for concrete elements, including bar sizes, shapes, spacing, and placement. Reinforcement Detailing may use Rebar Model data and Shop Drawing outputs.
Reporting ParameterA parameter that reads a measured condition from model geometry so it can be scheduled or used in formulas.
Request for Information RFIA formal question used to clarify design intent, construction information, or contract requirements. Request for Information records can influence Change Management, Submittal responses, and model updates.
Responsibility MatrixA table that assigns information deliverables, model elements, or tasks to responsible parties. It is often used with Task Information Delivery Plan and BIM Execution Plan documents.
Revision CodeA controlled identifier showing the revision state of a document, model, or data package.
Room Data Sheet RDSA structured document or dataset describing room requirements such as finishes, equipment, services, performance, and area. Room Data Sheet information can be linked to Space objects in a…
Rule Checking EngineA software component that tests model data or geometry against predefined checking rules.
Rule Set AuthoringThe creation of digital checking rules used to test models against requirements, standards, or project logic.
Rule-Based CheckingModel checking driven by explicit rules such as clearance requirements, naming rules, property completeness, or code-related conditions. Rule-Based Checking helps make quality control repeatable.

S

Safety PlanningThe use of digital information to identify hazards, plan safe access, and communicate construction safety controls.
Scan AlignmentThe process of positioning captured scan data correctly relative to project coordinates, control points, or model geometry.
Scan-To-BIMThe process of using captured site data to create or update BIM geometry and information. Scan-To-BIM often begins with Point Cloud data from Laser Scanning or Photogrammetry.
Schedule Integration ToolA tool that connects model information to planning schedules for sequence review, simulation, or progress control.
Schedule LinkingThe connection of model elements or work packages to activities in a construction schedule.
Schedule SimulationA visual or data-based representation of how construction activities unfold over time. Schedule Simulation is a common output of 4D BIM and Construction Sequencing.
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Security-Minded Information ManagementAn approach that considers the sensitivity, access, and potential misuse of project or asset information before sharing it.
Semantic DataData that carries meaning through object types, relationships, classifications, and properties rather than only geometry. Semantic Data enables search, checking, analytics, and Digital Twin use cases.
Semantic EnrichmentThe addition of meaningful properties, classifications, and relationships so model objects can be understood by people and machines.
Sensor DataMeasured operational data from devices such as meters, environmental sensors, occupancy counters, or equipment monitors. Sensor Data can enrich a Digital Twin and support Condition Assessment.
Shared Coordinate SetupA coordinated arrangement of survey, project, and model coordinates so linked information aligns correctly.
Shared CoordinatesAn agreed coordinate relationship that allows multiple models to align correctly in a common spatial context. Shared Coordinates reduce errors during Model Federation and coordination.
Shared ParameterA parameter definition intended for consistent reuse across families, projects, schedules, and tags. Shared Parameter use helps keep data names and meanings stable across deliverables.
Shop DrawingA detailed drawing or model view prepared to show fabrication, installation, or assembly information. Shop Drawing content should align with design intent and approved Submittal requirements.
Single Source of Truth SSOTA principle that one controlled source should be treated as the authoritative location for a defined information set.
Site Logistics ModelA model deliverable showing temporary site arrangements, access, storage, plant, hoists, cranes, and work zones.
Site Utilization PlanningThe planning of how the construction site will be used for storage, movement, safety zones, offices, and temporary works.
SLAM ScanningA mobile scanning method that estimates scanner movement while capturing geometry, useful where fixed tripod scanning is inefficient.
Smart BuildingA building that uses connected systems, automation, and data to improve operation, comfort, performance, or maintenance. Smart Building workflows often connect Digital Twin, Internet of Things, and Sensor…
Soft ClashA conflict involving required clearance, access, tolerance, maintenance space, or safety zone rather than direct physical overlap. Soft Clash checking depends on agreed rules and space allowances.
SpaceA defined area or volume within a building used for planning, analysis, scheduling, or operations. Space information supports Room Data Sheet, Space Management, and MEP calculations.
Space ManagementThe management of rooms, areas, occupancy, departments, and space usage within a facility. Space Management uses Space and Zone data for planning and operations.
Spatial HierarchyThe organization of spaces and locations into nested levels such as site, building, floor, zone, and room-like groupings.
Status CodeA code used to show the maturity or permitted use of an information container. Status Code values help teams understand whether information is for review, coordination, construction, or…
Steel ConnectionA detailed modeled or documented connection between steel members, including plates, bolts, welds, and interfaces. Steel Connection information supports fabrication, Shop Drawing production, and Clash Detection.
Structural ColumnA vertical or inclined load-bearing model element that transfers loads to lower structural elements or foundations. Structural Column placement is critical for coordination with Architectural Model and MEP…
Structural FramingModel elements representing beams, braces, joists, trusses, or similar load-bearing members. Structural Framing coordinates with Structural Column, Steel Connection, and architectural openings.
Structural ModelA discipline model representing structural systems such as framing, columns, foundations, and reinforcement. Structural Model data supports coordination, analysis, quantities, and detailing.
SubmittalInformation submitted for review or approval, such as product data, samples, shop drawings, or calculations. Submittal workflows connect design intent, procurement, and construction verification.
Suitability CodeA status label that communicates what a file, model, or document may be used for at a specific point in time.
Survey ControlReliable reference points and measurements used to establish real-world position, elevation, and alignment. Survey Control supports accurate Georeferencing, Shared Coordinates, and site verification.
System FamilyA built-in family category controlled mainly within the project environment rather than loaded as an external object. System Family examples can include walls, floors, roofs, levels, and grids…
Systems IntegratorA role or organization that connects software platforms, data sources, and workflows so information can move reliably between systems.

T

Task Information Delivery Plan TIDPA task-team plan listing the information deliverables, responsibilities, and timing for a defined scope of work. It feeds the Master Information Delivery Plan and helps manage progress.
Task TeamA discipline, package, or specialist group that produces a defined part of the project information.
Temporary Works ModelA model deliverable representing temporary construction systems such as scaffolds, shoring, formwork, or access structures.
Temporary Works ModelingThe creation of model content for temporary structures, supports, access systems, or construction aids.
Type CatalogA structured list of predefined types and parameter values used to create consistent reusable model components.
Type ParameterA parameter whose value is shared by all instances of the same type. Type Parameter values are useful for standardized dimensions, materials, performance data, and product characteristics.

U

UniclassA classification system used to organize information about built assets, elements, systems, products, activities, and spaces. It is often used to structure data for UK-centered BIM workflows.
UniformatA classification structure that organizes building information by systems and assemblies rather than work results. Uniformat is often useful for early cost planning and functional breakdowns.

V

Variance AnalysisThe assessment of differences between planned and actual values, such as cost, quantity, progress, or schedule.
View TemplateA saved set of view settings used to apply consistent graphics, visibility, filters, and annotations. View Template use supports drawing quality, coordination views, and project standards.
Virtual Design and Construction Manager VDCA role that integrates design models, construction methods, schedules, and cost information to improve project delivery.
Virtual MockupA model-based representation of a sample area, system, or assembly used for review before physical construction.
Virtual Mockup ReviewA review of a model-based mockup used to evaluate layout, coordination, access, or user requirements before physical work begins.
Visibility ControlSettings or parameters that determine when geometry, annotations, or details are shown in specific views, levels of detail, or family types. Visibility Control helps create flexible but clear…
Visibility ParameterA parameter that controls whether selected geometry, symbols, or details appear in certain types or views.
Volume MeasurementThe calculation or verification of volumes for elements such as concrete, excavation, fill, or enclosed spaces.

W

Web Feature Service WFSA web service pattern for requesting geospatial feature data that can be used in GIS-connected workflows.
Web Map Service WMSA web service pattern for serving map images from geospatial data sources into viewing or coordination environments.
WebhookAn event-based software notification that sends data to another system when something happens. Webhook patterns can trigger Issue Management, approvals, or synchronization between project platforms.
Window ScheduleA structured list of windows and their attributes such as type, dimensions, glazing, rating, location, and finish. Window Schedule data depends on consistent model elements and parameters.
Work Breakdown Structure WBSA hierarchical breakdown of project scope into manageable work packages or activities. Work Breakdown Structure links can help connect schedule, cost, and model elements.
Work Package ModelingModeling work organized around construction packages, procurement packages, or responsibility boundaries.
Workflow ClashA conflict involving construction sequence, logistics, temporary works, or process constraints. Workflow Clash issues may not be visible from geometry alone and often connect to 4D BIM.
WorksetA subdivision of a shared model used to organize ownership, visibility, and performance for collaborative work. Workset strategy should support Worksharing and coordination without hiding critical information.
WorksharingA collaborative model-authoring method that allows multiple users to work on the same project model with controlled ownership and synchronization. Worksharing requires clear team rules and model management…

X

XML SchemaA machine-readable schema that defines allowed structure, elements, and data types for XML-based exchange.

Z

ZoneA grouping of spaces, rooms, areas, or systems based on function, location, operation, or analysis need. Zone definitions can support HVAC System design, Space Management, and Location Breakdown…

#

2D CAD CADTwo-dimensional computer-aided drafting used to create plans, sections, elevations, and details. 2D CAD can coexist with BIM but lacks much of the object data found in a 3D…
3D CoordinationThe use of three-dimensional models to review spatial relationships, interfaces, and discipline alignment.
3D ModelA digital representation of physical or planned spatial objects in three dimensions. In BIM, a 3D Model often combines geometry with parameters, relationships, and classification.
4D BIMBIM use that links model elements to time or schedule information. 4D BIM supports Construction Sequencing and Schedule Simulation for planning and communication.
4D PlanningThe linking of model objects or work packages to time-based activities so construction sequence can be understood visually.
4D Simulation VideoA visual deliverable that communicates the planned construction sequence using model-linked schedule information.
4D TimelineA time-based representation of planned construction sequence connected to model content or work packages.
5D BIMBIM use that connects model information with cost planning, estimating, or commercial control. 5D BIM relies on Quantity Takeoff, classification, and reliable model data.
5D Cost ControlThe monitoring of quantities, commitments, costs, and changes using model-linked or package-linked information.
5D Cost PlanningThe use of model quantities and structured data to support early cost planning, estimating, and option comparison.
6D BIMA term often used for BIM workflows connected to sustainability, performance, or life-cycle analysis. 6D BIM may include Energy Model, Carbon Assessment, and Life Cycle Assessment information.
6D Sustainability ModelingThe use of model information to support sustainability analysis, energy use, carbon assessment, or environmental decision-making.
7D BIMA term often used for BIM workflows supporting asset operation and facilities management. 7D BIM connects model information with maintenance, Asset Register, and Facilities Management processes.
7D Operations ModelingThe preparation of model and asset data for operation, maintenance, inspection, and long-term facility use.